高中英语作文写作指导
写作 考纲扫描
一、测试要求
写作是四项语言技能中不可分割的一个重要部分，更是语言生成能力的重要表现形式。该部分要求考生根据提示进行书面表达。考生应能：
1. 准确使用语法和词汇
语言的准确性是写作中不可忽视的一个重要方面，因为它直接或间接地影响到信息的准确传输。应用语法结构和词汇的准确程度是写作部分评分标准中的一项重要内容。
2. 使用一定的句型、词汇，清楚、连贯地表达自己的意思。
任何一篇文章都需要一个主题，作者应该围绕该主题，借助一些句型、词汇等的支持，清楚、连贯地表达自己的思想。
二、试题形式
要求考生根据题目的提示（包括情景、图画、图表、提纲等）和要求，用英语写一篇120~150个单词的短文，满分30分。
三、答题要求
写作部分的答题要求是，在考试进行时，考生直接把作文写在二卷上。 体验高考
【高考真题】
假设你是李华，曾在美国学习半年，现已回国。你想联系你的美国老师Mr. Smith,但没有其联系方式。请根据以下要点给你的美国同学Tom 写一封信：
1．感谢Tom对你英语学习的帮助；
2．询问Mr., smith 的近况并索要其联系方式；
3．邀请Tom在春节期间来中国感受中国文化。
注意：1. 词数120-150；
2．可适当增加细节。
【2009山东】
【答案】
Dear Tom,
I am now back China and sound. In this letter I would like to convey my heartfelt appreciation to you for your kind assistance in my English learning when I was in New York. Additionally, your generous help and tender care made me feel warmly welcomed and transformed my first American trip into a unforgettable memory.
I have been missing our English professor, Mr. Smith whose unusual cast of mind, wide and varied knowledge, together with a singular personal charm, combined to exert a strong influence on me. What about him recently? I desire to contact him for some suggestions on improving my listening ability. However, his email address is not available. So would you mind delivering it to me via the online mailbox?
I am more than delighted to invite you to join us to celebrate the Spring Festival -Chinese Lunar New Year so that I can repay your friendship. You can partner with me to have a try in lion dances, which is extremely exciting. And the grand lantern festival parade will be bound to
impress you. I assure you that you would enjoy visiting here as I did at you home.
With my best regards!
Yours cordially,
Li Hua
【解析】
一、题材贴近学生生活实际，有时代气息。
学生在实际生活中会经常遇到这样的问题――忘记某人的联系方式，因此学生会感到有话可说，并且书信又是学生在平时练习中做的比较多的应用文之一，写起来比较容易上手。
二、要点提示得当，难度适中。
今年一改前两年的开放作文，而用提纲作文的形式，恐怕也是大部分师生所始料不及的。作为提纲式作文，要点提示简洁，全面，即使大部分考生有话可说，又能给学生一定的自由发挥的空间，能够考查学生的语言综合运用能力，并从客观上保证了学生正常水平的发挥。
三、试题难度不大，但想得高分也并非易事。
学生要想得高分并不是很容易，因为内容大都一样，要想得高分，就必须要有很强的驾驭语言的能力，合理使用一些高级词汇和复杂句式，力争少犯错误，做到书写美观，卷面整洁。
【高考真题】
假设你是新华中学的学生张华，班里从外地转来一名同学李明，他一时无法融入新的班集体中，感到很苦恼。请根据下列要点用英语给他写封信：
? 帮他分析原因
? 给他提出建议
? 陈述你帮助他的具体打算
注意：词数120~150。
【2008山东】
【答案】
Dear Li Ming,
I’m very glad to become your classmate. I know you are worried about your study and don’t know how to adapt yourself to the new environment. There are some suggestions about it and I hope they can help you.
You know we always become puzzled when we go to a new environment because we don’t know anything about people around us and even don’t know what to do. I think you should make friends with the students in our class. Then, if you have any problem you can ask us or our teachers for help. We’ll try our best to help you.
After class, I’ll show you around our school and tell you something about it. If you have any problem, please tell me and I will give you my advice not only on study but also on your life here.
All in all, I hope you can adapt yourself to the new environment and we can become good friends.
Best regards.
Zhang Hua
【解析】
这是一篇命题巧妙的文章，其主题是强调沟通与交流的重要性，这一主题贴近学生生活实际。这篇书面表达的难度不大，但无论从内容还是形式上都可以形成一定的区分度，试题
设计巧妙：既限制话题又开放细节内容，可以引导考生思考涉及学习生活的现实问题，使考生可以有更多的写作空间，做到有感而发，而不是为了写作而写作。这篇文章的写作思路应该紧紧围绕所给话题来写，在全面包括所给话题的基础上可以发散思维，按自己的理解来展开。例如要点一，可以假设李明无法融入新集体的原因是由于性格内向，不善于与人沟通交流，那么要点二的建议就与交流和沟通有关，而要点三的具体做法可以列举诸如和别的同学交流，课堂上积极回答老师的问题，平时学习中遇到的问题多向老师请教等方法，这样，一篇思路清晰、观点明确的文章就出来了。
【高考真题】
阅读下面的文字，用英语写一篇120—150词的短文。
今年，教育部直属师范大学将招收一批免费师范生，学生毕业后回生源地所在省份的中小学任教十年以上，你愿意成为一名免费师范生吗？请陈述理由。
【2007山东】
【答案】
It’s inspiring that a number of students will be admitted to colleges free of charge this year on condition that they must work as a teacher in their own province for more than ten years. I would like to be one of these special students.
In my opinion, receiving an education like that would not only reduce the expenses but also enable us to make contributions to our country’s education career. As we all know, fewer and fewer people are willing to be a teacher because of low pay and hard work, especially in the poor areas. It will be dangerous for the development of the teenagers and children in our country. So it’s necessary that large numbers of graduates of high qualities devote to the education career. On the other hand, teaching will be a valuable experience and make our lives meaningful.
In a word, I really want to become a student in such a school.
【解析】
本试题贴近高三学生生活实际,反映了社会热点问题, 是一份既体现新课标要求, 学生又有话可写的试题。写作开放性较强，重在考查考生的写作能力，该题的难度（难度：0.52；）几乎接近理想中的试题难度，该题的平均分：15.57；及格率：47%；优秀率：6.4%。但好同学也有得28-29分的，差距较大，原因主要表现在审题出错。该题目给出的话题为“免费师范生”，不少同学理解为“工作十年不给工资”导致审题出错。答题要求 “如果你遇到这样的情况会怎么做并给出理由”，相当一部分考生阐述会怎么做而没有详情阐述理由，结论没有条理性或者就阐述了一条。而阅卷判分要求应该从2个方面阐述。作文必须表明自己的观点：“是否愿意做免费师范生”一项，考生可以回答愿意，也可以回答不愿意，而有的同学答到最后也没表态，这一个问题就要被扣掉5分，非常可惜。本文可以按照以下层次分段叙述：
第一段 引出话题或者说是本文的论点.本文的论点只能有两个： 愿意或者不愿意.论点一定要旗帜鲜明,不能模棱两可,含混不清。无论哪一种选择都可以,没有对错之分。
第二段 阐述愿意或者不愿意的理由。根据字数和考试大纲要求, 考生至少要列举出两个以上的缘由。关键是言之成理, 表述规范, 符合英语表达习惯。
第三段 表达个人决心。如果考生选择愿意的话, 可以加上这么一段。如果选择不愿意, 本段可以省去. 解题指导
一、能力指标
（一） 提纲作文
1. 提纲作文的写作步骤
中文提纲式写作一般都有较多的文字说明，这样就在一定的程度上限制了考生的写作思路，考生可以从下面几个方面入手进行操作：
① 认真研究所给提纲；
考生要仔细领会提纲的含义，不能遗漏提纲要点，更不能错误理解提纲的意思。； ② 确定各段的主题句；
考生应根据所给提纲写出各段的主题句，合格的主题句应具备以下要点：
☆ 意义完整
☆ 表意清晰
☆ 内容具体
☆ 用词贴切
主题句一定要用词准确，简明达意，为段落的拓展打好基础。
③ 逐步展开段落；
段落写作应围绕自己列好的主题句进行，在写作过程中可稍加调整。
④ 检查与修改。
检查考题所给提纲是否完整且准确地被表达于文章之中，如有偏差，应做出相应的修改。
2.提纲作文常用的模板句型
① 开头
With the development of 随着······的发展
I think/feel that 我认为/觉得······
It is often said that ··· 我们经常这么说······
I’m for the opinion that ··· 我支持······的观点
It goes without saying that ···不言而喻······
There’s a widespread concern about/that ··· ······引起广泛关注
There’s no immediate solution to the problem of. . . but . . . might be of help .对······问题没有快速的解决办法，但是······可能会有用。
It can be easily proved that ···很容易证明······
One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is ··· 与以上同样重要的是······
The chief reason why . . . is that ··· 之所以···的主要原因是······
Take . . . for example (instance) 以······为例
According to a latest study ,it can be predicted ··· 根据最近的一项研究可预测出······
② 连接句
Another special consideration in this case is that . . . 关于这件事还有一点值得考虑，那就是······
This may be true, but we still have a problem with regard to …这也许对，但关于······我们仍然有一个问题。
Besides, we should not neglect that …另外，我们不应该忽视······
Therefore, these findings reveal the following information …因此，这些发现揭示以下信息······
On account of this we can find that …据此我们可以发现······
Wonderful as A is ,it has its own disadvantages too.尽管A很好，但它也有自身的缺陷。 Among the most convincing reasons ,one should be mentioned .在所有令人信服的理由中有一个值得一提。
All available evidence points to the fact of that…所有的证据证明······事实。
No one can deny the fact that …没人能否定······这个事实。
③ 结束句
Take all these factors into account, we may safely reach the conclusion that …考虑到所有这些因素，我们可以很有把握得出这样的结论······
【例题】
假设你是某中学新老师李红，请给你的朋友张华写一封信，告诉他你第一天上课的情况，主要内容如下：
1. 描述一件课堂上令你印象深刻的事情；
2. 介绍你处理该事的方式；
3. 谈谈你的感想。
注意：
1. 词数不少于120个；
2. 可适当发挥想象，增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 文中不得出现与本人及学校相关的任何真实信息。
【2009 湖南】
【答案】
Dear Zhang Hua,
It’s three months since I heard from you last time. Now I want to tell you an impressive story happened on my first lesson.
On hearing the bell, students ran into the classroom as quickly as they can. But a boy, Li Ming, whose father died a month ago, was late for the class. He stood outside the classroom, silently. I smiled to him and let him came in. After a while, he cried on his desk. Then I walked to him and asked what had happened .He told me that his mother was ill and he had to take some medicine for her. At the same time, he apologized to me for his lateness. Moved by his words, I praised him for his deeds and decided to sing a song named “Mother” for the students. How time flies! Class was over before I realized it.
From the story I felt we should respect our parents and do our best to help them. Do you think so? I’m looking forward to your reply.
Yours truly,
Li Hong
（二）图画作文。
1. 图画作文解题步骤
图画作文的写作步骤可以概括为：把握主旨，理清顺序；列出要点，选好词句；主次分明，注意取舍；注重联系，适当发挥；连句成篇，认真检查。
2. 图画作文解题说明
图画作文可以分为三类：叙述类、说明类和议论类。文章的时态要根据图画反映的内容而定：介绍人物或叙述某件事的发展过程，通常用一般过去时；揭示或反映某种社会现象则用一般现在时。人称可根据情况灵活选用第一人称或第三人称。此类作文一般都会给出关键词、文章的开头或特定场景，写作时要注意画面体现的主题及各画面之间的联系。
① 看图叙述类作文的写作