托福雅思作文素材之竞争还是合作

托福雅思作文素材之竞争还是合作

Competition

1. Competition may be the common fabric of our life.

2. Competition strengthens the ideal of equality of opportunity.

3. Competition brings out the best in us.

4. Competition is inevitable; it is human nature.

5. They provide an environment where we can strive for excellence.

6. Natural selection indisputably occurs in all other competitive systems. These range from

individual firms competing on the free market to individual workers competing for job promotions.

7. In today’s world, we spend most of our time competing. From an early age, we are told that

only the best students get into the really good universalities and that when we graduate, only the best will land the job of their dreams. We use the phrase “get ahead’ interchangeably with ‘succeed”.

8. Competition builds character; it strengthens our self-esteem.

9. Competition is seen as an open and fair race where success goes to the swiftest person

regardless of his or her social class backgrounds.

10. Competition is deemed as the major source of progress and prosperity.

11. Competition is required to help us reach our fullest potential.

12. We should make ourselves competitive in order to fit into the real world

13. Whether or not we like competition, the fact is we live in a competitive world in general, and

a competitive society in particular, and it makes sense that we help our children develop qualities that will help them deal with the “wins” and “losses” they will surely encounter as they develop.

14. The reality is that there will be “winners” and “losers”. Those who are selected and those

who are rejected, and we need to be prepared to handle both possibilities gracefully and compassionately.

15. Natural selection and the survival of the fittest.

16. We generally credit our amazing successes to our competitive spirit.

17. The opportunity to work toward a common goal, mixed with the pressure of competition

seems to satisfy deeper motivation in people.

18. Darwin theorized that if animals must compete to survive, then the winners would be those

with the strongest traits, which would then be passed on to their offspring.

19. Schools are structured so that students compete against one another: for the teacher’s

attention, grades, status, and admission to prestigious schools.

20. Not only can healthy competition be fun, it can also be useful. Working hard at something

and competing against others who are also working hard can inspire us to push farther than we otherwise might. External motivation is not necessarily a bad thing if it prompts us to excel.

Cooperation

1. Competitive people are insensitive, ruthless and greedy.

2. Competition is actually destructive to children’s self-esteem and it interferes with learning

and sabotages relationships.

3. Imagine what it would be like to live in a society where each individual compete agaist

everyone else, without any cooperation at all.

4. Rather than focusing strictly on individual competition, where one person’s success is linked

with someone else’s failure, the team-based approach could lead to more productive work.

5. We feel that winning is not everything. Striving to win makes things fun and exciting, but we

should not find our self-esteem only through winning.

6. Those who do not win may develop an attitude of failure. If children feel they have to be

constantly competitive, they will lose interest in learning. Children will not learn to trust others and to work a group for a common purpose. With excessive completion, there may be more fights and violence among children.

7. Excessive competition without cooperation creates undesirable results in children.

8. We should teach children that they should equip them with the skills to resolve their conflicts

constructively rather than destructively.

9. A win-lose approach tends to escalate conflicts and harden opposing positions, leading to

destructive processes and outcomes and negative expectations for future interactions

10. In cooperation people work together in order to achieve their goals. By helping you I help

myself. We sink or swim together. This is a win-win approach ? everyone wins.

11. .in fact, people working together are generally more effective than people working against

each other. That is to say, it is easier to succeed when other people are helping us rather than working against us.

12. Cooperation is marvelously successful at helping children to communicate effectively, to trust

in others and to accept those who are different from themselves.

13. Competition leads children to envy winners, to dismiss loses and to be suspicious of just

about everyone. Competition makes it difficult to regard others as potential friends or collaborators; even if you are not my rival today, you could be tomorrow.

14. Competition destroys character and relations, completion breeds anxiety, shame, depression,

secrecy, suspicion, hostility, selfishness and guilt. It increases existing inequalities, because the winners gain unfair advantages and the losers tend to drop out of the race. It is a primary cause of aggression and war.

15. There is a strong evidence that competition is not part of human nature, but that we are

indoctrinated in order to accept competition as inevitable.

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