初高中生英语写作红宝典,绝对难得的好素材!!!
1. 卷面是否工整整齐
高考阅卷时间紧，任务重，如果你的卷面不整洁、书写不工整，那么阅卷老师看了心情就不好，即使你的文章写得再好，也不可能得高分。试想两篇内容一模一样的文章，一篇字迹工整，一篇潦草，要你来打分，分数肯定不同，所以书写非常重要，这一点一定要切记。
2. 是否使用高级结构
高考英语书面表达评分标准第五档(很好)中有这样一段话：“应用了较多的语法结构和词汇；语法结构或词汇方面有少量错误，但为尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致。”这就是说，学生仅运用基础的词汇和基本的句型，不能体现出较强的语言运用能力，即使表达无语法错误，也不能得高分；相反即使有少量错误，目的在有意识地使用复杂结构或较高级词汇也不扣分，仍属于最高档次。高考把写作要求提到了这样一个高度，有利于反映学生的水平层次，有利于指导教学。原来“要点完整、语言无误、行文连贯、表达清楚”的标准就过时了。
3. 是否恰当运用过渡词
恰当运用过渡词可以使文章结构紧凑，过渡自然，避免脱节现象。表时间的衔接词有then、as time goes by、day after day、gradually、finally等，表因果关系的词有as a result、because of、thanks to等。
对于这样一段话“Usually if you read the weather forecast in the newspaper, it will help you to predict how the day will turn out. But it’s not so in Britain.” 如果运用连接词contrary to并且变换一下句式，将其变为Contrary to popular belief, reading the weather forecast carefully in the newspaper will not help you to predict how the day will turn out则显得更简洁、更紧凑。可见恰当运用连接词和变换句式可以收到以少量词表达出丰富意思的效果。
4. 是否恰当运用修辞
众所周知，恰当的修辞可以使文章更生动形象。我们高中写的大多是记叙文，这就有了比喻、拟人等修辞方法应该发挥作用的地方。有这样一幅图画，上面画的是一块从一个下水渠口飞出的一块西瓜砸中了小明(肇事者，是他把西瓜扔到下水渠的。但是下水渠里有修理工，他也把西瓜扔了出来。) 多数同学描述为Xiaoming was hit by the piece of water-melon或The piece of water-melon hit
Xiaoming on his head。若用上比喻拟人修辞，则可描述为The piece of water-melon,
like a flying bullet, whose target was Xiaoming’s head, jumped out of the cloacae (下水道) and hit exactly on its target.”
显而易见，后者更生动形象。
5. 文章是否条理清楚
条理性是指要合理布局文章结构。首先，在文章思路、组织材料、叙述顺序等方面要有一定的条理性。例如：题目要求写一篇记述文，我们可以按照事情发展的先后顺序来写；若介绍某一场所，可按照空间顺序来安排行文顺序；若是一篇议论文，就应该按照所议论观点的顺序来安排结构。全文结构应注意首尾呼应，前后相联。其次，根据需要安排好段落，各段之间要层次分明，每一段落的开头和结尾也要重视，开头语往往是总起句，结尾往往是总结句。请看下面这篇高考英语书面表达范文：
I will spend this summer holiday in the countryside. Although the city is modern and convenient, there are still some problems, such as air pollution, crowdedness and noise. In the countryside I can enjoy a comfortable and quiet life. There, the air is fresh and the water is clean. Trees are green and birds are singing. I can also go
boating, fishing and swimming in the lake. What’s more, I can climb the hills. All this will be interesting and good for my health. Above all, I can learn more about nature. So I want to go to the countryside for a change. I’m looking forward to the coming of my summer holiday.
开头语I will spend this summer holiday in the countryside是总起句。结尾So I want to go to the countryside for a change. I’m looking forward to the coming of my summer holiday是总结句。
6. 表达是否准确地道
准确性是要求写出语法正确的句子，包括时态、语态、用词和句法等，但是不少考生由于受汉语思维习惯的影响，在写作时不自觉地产生了不规范的表达。要做到准确、地道地表达文章，首先必须要牢记掌握一些常用句型或习惯表达，避免中文式英语，在实践中不断总结中英表达差异，养成用英语思维写作的习惯。试体会下面的句子汉英表达上的差异。
(1)我等待着你的到来。
错误或失误：I’m waiting for you to come.
修改意见：I’m looking forward to your arrival.(NMET范文)
(2)现在我详细地给你介绍屋子的情况。
错误或失误：Now I am going to introduce the room to you carefully.
修改意见：Now I am going to give you a detailed description of the
room.(NMET范文)
(3)工人们热烈欢迎我们来参观农场。
错误或失误：The workers welcomed us to visit the farm.
修改意见：The workers gave us a warm welcome.(NMET范文)
其次，要多读多背，在精读中汲取营养，对于好的句子最好背诵下来，适时用于写作中。其中，英语中的一些常识性语句就是非常典型的背诵材料。如在写通知时：
开头语：Attention, please. / May I have your attention, please? / I’ll have an announcement to make.
结尾语：Don’t forget the time and the address. / I’m sure you’ll have a lot of fun./That’s all, thank you.
在写参观欢迎词时的开头语：Welcome to our city. / Now let me tell you something about our school.
结尾语：I’m sure you’ll have a good trip. That’s all. Thank you!
写信时的开头语：I am glad to hear from you. / I’m writing to tell you something about… / How are you getting along with your studies? / I really don’t know how to thank you for your…
结尾语：Please give my best regards to… / I’m looking forward to hearing from you soon… / Remember me to your parents等。
正确牢记这些习惯用语，无疑可以增添句子表达的准确性，减少不必要的错误，从而提高书面表达的档次。
7. 行文是否自然流畅
流畅性是指根据整篇文章意思的需要，有效采用不同的连接手段，以使文章层次清晰，行文连贯。关联词就是常用的连接手段之一。下面列举一些常用的关联词：
(1) 表示平行、对等或选择关系：and，both…and，as well as，neither…nor，also，not only.…but also等。
(2) 表示转折关系：but，yet，however，nevertheless，in spite of，although，otherwise，while等。
(3) 表示对比关系：on the contrary，instead of，on the other hand，just like，unlike等。
(4) 表示因果关系：so，for，therefore，as a result，because，owing to，due to，thanks to，on account of等。
(5) 表示时间、顺序关系：shortly after， first, second…，then，next，finally，for one thing，for another thing，in the end，eventually等。
(6) 表示递进、强调关系：besides，furthermore，what’s more，in addition，moreover，worse still，above all，to make matters worse等。
(7) 表示解释、说明关系：namely，actually，such as，for example，for instance，that is to say，in other words，and so on，to tell you the truth，according to this等。
(8) 表示结论：in short，in brief，in a word，in general，as you know，as far as I know，on the whole等。
恰当使用这些关联词无疑能使全文过渡自然，令读者对后面的句子产生心理的期待和准备，增强句子间的逻辑性和紧凑性。本文前面提到的高考书面表达范文就使用了许多关联词。
8. 文章是否有思想性
新标准对写作的要求增加了情感因素，在准确流畅表达写作要点的同时，适当增加句子的感情色彩，增加一些人情味，使文章读起来亲切，完全达到与读者进行交流的目的。例如：
(1) Do you think you’ll like it? If not, I can try and find another flat for you. 此句表达了作者对朋友尽职尽责的心情，回信由此充满了感情色彩。
(2) As far as I know, everyone is happy about the arrangement of things.
此句表达了作者对减负后的喜悦心情。
把英语句子写活的10种方法
■湖南 唐成文
学生写作时，如果仅局限在把内容交代清楚的水准上，只选用一些普通的、直截了当的词，或一律使用简单句平铺直叙，那么，这样写出来的文章就会像一碗白开水，呆板、单调，没有可读性。要使文章耐人寻味，有深度，同学们就应尝试使用一些高级词汇或句型，以凸显文章的亮点，使文章增添文采，给读者(尤其是阅卷老师留下深刻印象)。具体说来，同学们可尝试以下方法：
1. 灵活改变句子开头
在通常情况下，英语句子的排列方式为“主语+谓语+宾语”，即主语位于句子开头。但若根据情况适当改变句子的开头方式，比如使用倒状语或以状语开头等，会使文章增强表现力。如：
(1) There stands an old temple at the top of the hill.
→ At the top of the hill there stands an old temple.
在小山顶上有一座古庙。
(2) You can do it well only in this way.
→ Only in this way can you do it well.
只有这样你才能把它做好。
(3) A young woman sat by the window.
→ By the window sat a young woman.
窗户边坐着一个年轻妇女。
2. 避免重复使用同一词语
为了使表达更生动，更富表现力，同学们在写作时应尽量避免重复使用同一词语来表示同一意思，尤其是一些老生常谈的词语。如有的同学一看到“喜欢”二字，就会立刻想起like，事实上，英语中表示类似意思的词和短语很多，如 love, enjoy, prefer, appreciate, be fond of, care for等。如：
I like reading while my brother likes watching television.
→ I like reading while my brother enjoys watching television.
我喜欢看书，而我的兄弟却喜欢看电视。
3. 合理使用省略句
合理恰当地使用省略句，不仅可以使文章精练、简洁，而且会使文章更具文采和可读性。如：
(1) He may be busy. If he’s busy, I’ll call later. If he is not busy, can I see him now?
→ He may be busy. If so, I’ll call later. If not, can I see him now?
他可能很忙，要是这样，我以后再来拜访。要是不忙，我现在可以见他吗?
(2) If the weather is fine, we’ll go. If it is not fine, we’ll not go.
→ If the weather is fine, we’ll go. If not, not.
如果天气好，我们就去；如果天气不好，我们就不去了。
(3) She could have applied for that job, but she didn’t do so.
→ She could have applied for that job, but she didn’t.
她本可申请这份工作的，但她没有。
4. 适当运用非谓语结构
非谓语结构通常被认为是一种高级结构，适当运用非谓语结构，会给人一种熟练驾驭语言的印象。如：
(1) When he heard the news, they all jumped for joy.
→ Hearing the news, they all jumped for joy.
听了这消息他们都高兴得跳了起来。
(2) As I didn’t know her address, I wasn’t able to get in touch with her.
→ Not knowing her address, I wasn’t able to get in touch with her.
由于不知道她的地址，我没法和她联系。
(3) As he was born into a peasant family, he had only two years of schooling. → Born into a peasant family, he had only two years of schooling.
他出生农民家庭，只上过两年学。
5. 结合使用长句与短句
在英语写作中，过多地使用长句或过多地使用短句都不好。正确的做法是，根据实际情况在文章中交替使用长句与短语，使文章显得错落有致，这样不仅使文章在形式上增加美感，而且使文章读起来铿锵有力。如：
At noon we had a picnic lunch in the sunshine. Then we had a short rest. Then we began to play happily. We sang and danced. Some told stories. Some played chess.
→ At noon we had a picnic lunch in the sunshine. After a short rest, we had great fun singing and dancing, telling jokes and playing chess.
中午我们晒着太阳吃野餐。休息一会儿后，我们唱的唱歌，跳的跳舞，还有的讲笑话、下棋，大家玩得很开心。
6. 适当使用短语代替单词。
(1) He has decided to be a teacher when he grows up.
→ He has made up his mind to be a teacher when he grows up.
他已决定长大了当老师。
(2) He doesn't like music.
→ He doesn't care much for music.
他不大喜欢音乐。
(3) He told me that the question was now under discussion.
→ He told me that the question was now being discussed.
他告诉我问题现正正在讨论中。
7. 恰当套用某些固定表达。
(1) He was very tired. He couldn’t walk any farther.
→ He was too tired to walk any farther.
他太累了，不能再往前走了。
(2) The film was very interesting. Both the teachers and the students liked it. → The film was so interesting that both the teachers and the students liked it. 这电影很有趣，学生和老师都很喜欢。
(3) Your son is old. He can look after himself now.
→ Your son is old enough to look after himself now.
你的儿子已经长大，可以自己照顾自己了。
8. 尽量使句子带点“洋味”
(1) Don't worry. Be bold and try it, and you'll learn it soon.
→Don't worry. Just go for it, and you'll get it soon.
别担心，大胆试一试，你很快就会学会的。
(2) Thank you for playing with us.
→Thank you for sharing the time with us.
谢谢你陪我玩。
9. 综合使用各类所谓的“高级”结构。
(1) Now everyone knows the news. I think Jim must have let it out.
→ Now everyone knows the news. I think it must have been Jim who has let it out.
现在人人都知道这消息了，我想一定是吉姆把它泄露出去的。
(2) We had to stand there to catch the offender.
→ What we had to do was (to) stand there, trying to catch the offender.
我们所能做的只是站在那儿，设法抓住违章者。
(3) If her pronunciation is not better than her teacher’s, it is at least as good as her teacher’s.
→ Her pronunciation is as good as, if not better than, her teacher’s.
如果她的语音不比她的老师好的话，至少也不会比她老师的差。
10. 适当使用名言警句点缀
在写作时根据实际情况恰当地用上一两句名言警句来点缀文章，不仅使文章显得有深度、有智慧，而且会让文章在评分中上一个“得分档次”。如：
(1) As the proverb says, “Where there is a will, there is a way.” Though you fail this time, you needn’t lose heart. As long as you work hard and stick to your dream, you will succeed one day.
(2) There is a proverb goes like this “Life isn’t a bed of roses.” It is ture that it is likely for everyone to meet problems and difficulties in life.
(3) In the modern world, more and more people live alone, which is not so good for our life. It is better for us to make more friends and enjoy friendship. Just as a proverb says, “A near friend is better than a far-dwelling kinsman.”
英语写作考试丢分的八种常见原因
一、因搭配错误丢分
英语中不同的词往往有不同的习惯搭配，同学们在写作时一定要引起注意，不可随意更改，否则会造成错误。如：
◆你若对我们的报价感兴趣，请与我们联系。
误：If you are interested with our offer, please contact us.
正：If you are interested in our offer, please contact us.
说明：表示“对……感兴趣”，形容词interested 后习惯上搭配介词in，而不搭配介词with。 ◆在我的故乡，每年这个时候农夫都忙着割稻。
误：In my home country farmers are busy to harvest rice at this time of the year.
正：In my home country farmers are busy harvesting rice at this time of the year.
说明：表示“忙于做某事”，be busy 后习惯上与动词的-ing形式搭配，不能搭配不定式。
二、因语序错误丢分
同学们在写作中出现语序错误主要有三种可能：一是在宾语从句中误用疑问句语序，二是受汉语意思的影响而用错语序，三是受英语相似结构的影响而用错语序。如：
◆当招待员问他是否再要些咖啡时，他点头表示要。
误：When the waiter asked if did he want more coffee, he nodded Yes.
正：When the waiter asked if he wanted more coffee, he nodded Yes.
说明：句中 if 引导的是宾语从句，要用陈述句语序，不能用疑问句语序。
◆给来宾准备了丰富的食物和饮料。
误：The visitors were plentifully supplied with drink and food.
正：The visitors were plentifully supplied with food and drink.
说明：汉语常说“饮食”，即先说“饮”，后说“食”，但在英语习惯中恰恰相反，即总是说 food and drink，而不说 drink and food。
◆使我最惊讶的是他期末考试没有及格。
误：What was surprised me most that he failed in the final exam.
正：What surprised me most was that he failed in the final exam.
说明：由于同学们平时见到be surprised 这类表达比较多，所以在头脑中就形成了思维定势，误认为 surprised 总是要与系动词 be 连用。其实，此句中的 surprised 是动词，不是形容词（注意它后面跟有宾语me）。
三、因用错非谓语动词丢分
英语非谓语动词的用法比较复杂，尽管灵活运用非谓语通常被视为一种高级结构，但若用得不当或出现错误，则可能得不偿失，造成丢分。对于非谓语动词的使用最要注意的有以下几点：一是要注意那些只与不定式或只与动名词搭配的动词，二是要注意非谓语动词的逻辑主语通常要与句子主语保持一致，三是要注意非谓语动词是该用一般式还是完成式，四是要注意非谓语动词是表主动还是表被动，等。如：
◆她所谓生病只不过是不想上学的花招而已。
误：Her illness is merely a device to avoid to go to school.
正：Her illness is merely a device to avoid going to school.
说明：动词avoid后接另一动词作宾语，习惯上要用动名词，不用不定式。
◆做完作业后，孩子们就出去踢足球。
误：Doing their homework, the students went out to play football.
正：Having done their homework, the students went out to play football.
说明：根据句意可知，“做完作业”在先，“出去踢足球”在后，故“做完作业”应用完成式，而不能用一般式，否则给人的感觉便是“一边做作业一边出去踢足球”，这显然不合情理。
◆由于天气不好，球赛不得不取消了。
误：The match had to cancel owing to the bad weather.
正：The match had to be cancelled owing to the bad weather.
说明：汉语既可说“取消球赛”，也可说“球赛取消了”，后者其实是“球赛被取消了”的省略说法。但是用英语来表示“球赛取消了”必须要用被动式，因为动词cancel（取消）是及物动词（要么有宾语，要么用被动式）。
四、因表达句式错误而丢分
造成表达句式错误的原因很多，其中最要注意的是受汉语意思或汉语结构的影响而用错英语句式。如：
◆这个问题对我来说很容易回答。
误：I am easy to answer the question.
正：It is easy for me to answer the question.
说明：汉语可说某人容易做某事，但英语在“be easy +不定式”这类句式中，句子主语通常应是it(实为形式主语)，而不能是指人或物的名词。同样的道理，要表示某人很难做某事，不能说sb is difficult to do sth，而要说 It’s difficult for sb to do sth。
◆在警察的帮助下，我找回了我失去的东西。
误：After the help of the police, I got back what I had lost.
正：With the help of the police, I got back what I had lost.
说明：汉语说“在某人的帮助下”，但英语用 with the help of sb表示，注意不要按汉语习惯用介词 after。
◆她设法对老师隐瞒事实真相。
误：She tried to hide the truth to her teacher.
正：She tried to hide the truth from her teacher.
说明：汉语“对某人隐瞒”或“向某人隐瞒”等，用“对”或“向”这样的介词，但英语不能用介词 to 来直译。因为“对某人隐瞒”，其实就是免于让人知道，所以英语用介词 from。
五、因成分残缺丢分
造成句子成分残缺的原因也很多，可能是受汉语意思的影响，可能是弄错了相关词汇的词性，也可能是没弄清英语的表达习惯，等等。如：
◆别怕，我们会保护你的。
误：Don’t afraid, and we’ll protect you.
正：Don’t be afraid, and we’ll protect you.
说明：afraid 是形容词，不是动词，所以应在don’t 后面加上系动词be。
◆这些花是如此漂亮，以致于我想摘几朵。
误：Those flowers so beautiful that I want to pick up some.
正：Those flowers are so beautiful that I want to pick up some.
说明：句中的 that 引导的是结果状语从句，前面部分为句子主句，但是该主句没谓语动词，故应在flowers后加动词are。
◆这是一本很有用的英语词典，我想你会喜欢的。
误：This is a very useful English dictionary, and I think you will like.
正：This is a very useful English dictionary, and I think you will like it.
说明：根据句意可知，“你会喜欢的”，其实是指“你会喜欢它（指这本词典）的”。在汉语中，这个用作宾语的“它”可以省略，但在英语中，动词like 是及物动词，其后必须要有宾语，所以后面的it不能省略。
六、因时态或语态错误丢分
在写作中，许多同学常常因对句子中动作或事情发生的时间把握不准或对时态的特殊用法不够了解而出现时态错误。有时也因为对动作的对象和谓语动词的关系把握不准而把主动语态和被动语态弄混淆。如：
◆据说这栋教学楼是五年前建的。
误：It is said that the teaching building has been built five years ago.
正：It is said that the teaching building was built five years ago.
说明：five years ago 的意思是“五年前”，它表明动作发生在过去，故句子谓语要用一般过去时。
◆流感通常发生在冬季。
误：Influenza is usually broken out in winter.
正：Influenza usually breaks out in winter.
说明：由于break out (发生)是不及物动词，所以不能用于被动语态。
七、因语义重复错误丢分
所谓语义重复就是指重复使用了意思相同词或短语。如：
◆你应该看管好自己的东西。
误：You should take good care of your things carefully.
正：You should take good care of your things.
说明：短语take good care of 有“认真保管好”之意，不应再与表示“认真地”意思的副词 carefully连用。
◆这是我最喜欢的歌曲之一。
误：This is one of my most favorite songs.
正：This is one of my favorite songs.
说明：favorite 用作形容词时，表示“最喜欢的”，因本身已含有“最”这样的意思，因此它不与 most 连用，以免语义重复。
八、因不平行结构错误丢分
平行结构类似汉语的排比句式，它常常用同样的格式表达两个或两个以上的平行内容。平行结构可以是单词、短语或分句。在通常情况下，平行结构包括以下三种情况：
1. 词性的平行：平行结构中的词或短语应具有一致（或接近一致）的词性；
2. 时态的平行：平行结构的时态一般情况下要求保持前后一致；
3. 形式的平行：平行结构中的平行成分通常要求保持形式上一致（如同为比较级或最高级，同为现在分词或过去分词，等）。
◆今天下午我们打算去购物中心，替老师买些礼物。
误：We are going to go to the shopping center and buying some presents for our teacher this afternoon.
正：We are going to go to the shopping center and buy some presents for our teacher this afternoon.
说明：“去购物中心”和“买礼物”这两个动作是并列平行的，应使用相同的形式，所以buying应当改成buy。
◆他抛弃了妻子还带走了两人所有的钱。
误：He abandoned his wife and goes away with all their money.
正：He abandoned his wife and went away with all their money.
说明：此处and连接的是两个并列谓语，两个动作发现的时间都在过去，应该用一般过去时。
写好文章开头的6种小技巧
俗话说：“开头精彩，文成一半。”好的开头可以显出考生的写作功力，给阅读者以先入为主的好感，因此写好文章开头至关重要，同学们应设法打造一个好的开头。下面给同学们介绍几种写好文章开头的技巧：
一、巧用数字开头
采用统计数字引出话题，把问题呈现在读者面前；引用数据呈现讨论的话题，说明问题的严重性或者重要性，引起读者的关注。如：
As it is described in the picture, the GDP of China has increased to 10676.8 billion dollars in 2010.
二、巧用问题开头
提出有争议性的问题，激发读者兴趣，使其积极参与讨论。如：
Today more and more people including experts and common citizens hold that China should cancel exam-oriented education system, what is your opinion?
三、巧用夸张式开头
巧用夸张式观点或新颖的观点或话题开头，可以吸引读者注意力，引起读者兴趣。如： If you own 10 billions by accident one day, how will you deal with this money?
四、巧用反面观点开头
呈现该话题正反方的观点。如：
Many people think owning a lot of money is happiness, but my points are quite the contrary. As for me, to be a person with smiles on my faces everyday is happiness.
五、巧用名人名言开头
引用名人名言、谚语等作为文章的开头。如：
Where there is a will, there is a way. Sometimes you will meet difficulties in your life, but you should never lost heart.
六、巧用定义式开头
对将要讨论的话题进行定义。如：
What is “Hope Project”? It is an organization that donates money to those children who are unable to go to school due to poverty.
凸显文章亮点常用方法
写作时，如果仅局限在把内容交代清楚的水准上，只选用一些普通的、直截了当的词，或一律使用简单句平铺直叙，那么，这样写出来的文章就会像一碗白开水，呆板、单调，没有可读性。要使文章耐人寻味，有深度，同学们就应尝试使用一引起高级词汇或句型，以凸显文章的亮点，使文章增添文采，给读者(尤其是阅卷留下深刻印象)。具体说来，同学们可尝试以下方法：
一、灵活改变句子开头
在通常情况下，英语句子的排列方式为“主语+谓语+宾语”，即主语位于句子开头。但若根据情况适当改变句子的开头方式，比如使用倒状语或以状语开头等，会使文章增强表现力。如：
1. There stands an old temple at the top of the hill.
→ At the top of the hill there stands an old temple.
在小山顶上有一座古庙。
2. You can do it well only in this way.
→ Only in this way can you do it well.
只有这样你才能把它做好。
3. A young woman sat by the window.
→ By the window sat a young woman.
窗户边坐着一个年轻妇女。
4. The door opened and Mr Smith came in.
→ The door opened and in came Mr Smith.
门开了，史密斯先生走了进来。
二、避免重复使用同一词语
为了使表达更生动，更富表现力，同学们在写作时应尽量避免重复使用同一词语来表示同一意思，尤其是一些老生常谈的词语。如有的同学一看到“喜欢”二字，就会立刻想起like，事实上，英语中表示类似意思的词和短语很多，如 love, enjoy, prefer, appreciate, be fond of, care for等。如：
1. I like reading while my brother likes watching television.
→ I like reading while my brother enjoys watching television.
三、合理使用省略句
合理恰当地使用省略句，不仅可以使文章精练、简洁，而且会使文章更具文采和可读性。如：
1. He may be busy. If he’s busy, I’ll call later. If he is not busy, can I see him now?
→ He may be busy. If so, I’ll call later. If not, can I see him now?
他可能很忙，要是这样，我以后再来拜访。要是不忙，我现在可以见他吗?
2. If the weather is fine, we’ll go. If it is not fine, we’ll not go.
→ If the weather is fine, we’ll go. If not, not.
如果天气好，我们就去；如果天气不好，我们就不去了。
3. She could have applied for that job, but she didn’t do so.
→ She could have applied for that job, but she didn’t.
她本可申请这份工作的，但她没有。
四、适当运用非谓语结构
非谓语结构通常被认为是一种高级结构，适当运用非谓语结构，会给人一种熟练驾驭语言的印象。如：
1. When he heard the news, they all jumped for joy.
→ Hearing the news, they all jumped for joy.
听了这消息他们都高兴得跳了起来。
2. As I didn’t know her address, I wasn’t able to get in touch with her.
→ Not knowing her address, I wasn’t able to get in touch with her.
由于不知道她的地址，我没法和她联系。
3. As he was born into a peasant family, he had only two years of schooling.
→ Born into a peasant family, he had only two years of schooling.
他出生农民家庭，只上过两年学。
五、结合使用长句与短句
在英语写作中，过多地使用长句或过多地使用短句都不好。正确的做法是，根据实际情况在文章中交替使用长句与短语，使文章显得错落有致，这样不仅使文章在形式上增加美感，而且使文章读起来铿锵有力。如：
At noon we had a picnic lunch in the sunshine. Then we had a short rest. Then we began to play happily. We sang and danced. Some told stories. Some played chess.