里根就职演讲

篇一：里根总统就职演说

Ronald Reagan

First Inaugural Address 里根总统就职演说

delivered 20 January 1981

演讲者简介：罗纳德·威尔逊·里根(英语：Ronald Wilson Reagan，1911年2月6日-2004年6月5日)，美国政治家，第33任加利福尼亚州州长(1967年-1975年)，第40任总统(1981年-1989年)。在踏入政坛前，里根也曾担任过运动广播员、救生员、报社专栏作家、电影演员、和励志讲师，他的演说风格高明而极具说服力，被媒体誉为“伟大的沟通者”。

Thank you. Thank you.

Senator Hatfield, Mr. Chief Justice, Mr. President, Vice President Bush, Vice President Mondale, Senator Baker, Speaker O’Neill, Reverend Moomaw, and my fellow citizens:

To a few of us here today this is a solemn and most momentous occasion. And, yet, in the history of our nation it is a commonplace occurrence. The orderly transfer of authority as called for in the Constitution routinely takes place as it has for almost two centuries and few of us stop to think how unique we really are. In the eyes of many in the world, this every-four-year ceremony we accept as normal is nothing less than a miracle.

Mr. President, I want our fellow citizens to know how much you did to carry on this tradition. By your gracious cooperation in the transition process you have shown a watching world that we are a united people pledged to maintaining a political system which guarantees individual liberty to a greater degree than any other. And I thank you and your people for all your help in maintaining the continuity which is the bulwark of our republic.

The business of our nation goes forward.

These United States are confronted with an economic affliction of great proportions. We suffer from the longest and one of the worst sustained inflations in our national history. It distorts our economic decisions, penalizes thrift, and crushes the struggling young and the fixed-income elderly alike. It threatens to shatter the lives of millions of our people. Idle industries have cast workers into unemployment, human misery and personal indignity.

Those who do work are denied a fair return for their labor by a tax system which penalizes

successful achievement and keeps us from maintaining full productivity. But great as our tax burden is, it has not kept pace with public spending. For decades we have piled deficit upon deficit, mortgaging our future and our children’s future for the temporary convenience of the present. To continue this long trend is to guarantee tremendous social, cultural, political, and economic upheavals.

You and I, as individuals, can, by borrowing, live beyond our means, but for only a limited period of time. Why then should we think that collectively, as a nation, we are not bound by that same limitation?

We must act today in order to preserve tomorrow. And let there be no misunderstanding -- we’re going to begin to act beginning today. The economic ills we suffer have come upon us over several decades. They will not go away in days, weeks, or months, but they will go away. They will go away because we as Americans have the capacity now, as we have had in the past, to do whatever needs to be done to preserve this last and greatest bastion of freedom.

In this present crisis, government is not the solution to our p

roblem; government is the problem. From time to time we’ve been tempted to believe that society has become too complex to be

managed by self-rule, that government by an elite group is superior to government for, by, and of the people. But if no one among us is capable of governing himself, then who among us has the capacity to govern someone else?

All of us together -- in and out of government -- must bear the burden. The solutions we seek must be equitable with no one group singled out to pay a higher price. We hear much of special interest groups. Well our concern must be for a special interest group that has been too long neglected. It knows no sectional boundaries, or ethnic and racial divisions, and it crosses political party lines. It is made up of men and women who raise our food, patrol our streets, man our mines and factories, teach our children, keep our homes, and heal us when we’re sick -- professionals, industrialists, shopkeepers, clerks, cabbies, and truck drivers. They are, in short, “We the People.” This breed called Americans.Well, this Administration’s objective will be a healthy, vigorous, growing economy that provides equal opportunities for all Americans with no barriers born of bigotry or discrimination. Putting America back to work means putting all Americans back to work. Ending inflation means freeing all Americans from the terror of runaway living costs.

All must share in the productive work of this “new beginning,” and all must share in the bounty of a revived economy.

With the idealism and fair play which are the core of our system and our strength, we can have a strong and prosperous America at peace with itself and the world. So as we begin, let us take inventory.We are a nation that has a government -- not the other way around. And this makes us special among the nations of the earth. Our Government has no power except that granted it by the people. It is time to check and reverse the growth of government which shows signs of having grown beyond the consent of the governed.

It is my intention to curb the size and influence of the Federal establishment and to demand recognition of the distinction between the powers granted to the Federal Government and those reserved to the states or to the people.

All of us -- all of us need to be reminded that the Federal Government did not create the states; the states created the Federal Government.

Now, so there will be no misunderstanding, it’s not my intention to do away with government. It is rather to make it work -- work with us, not over us; to stand by our side, not ride on our back.

Government can and must provide opportunity, not smother it; foster productivity, not stifle it. If we look to the answer as to why for so many years we achieved so much, prospered as no other people on earth, it was because here in this land we unleashed the energy and individual genius of man to a greater extent than has ever been done before.

Freedom and the dignity of the individual have been more available and assured here than in any other place on earth. The price for this freedom at times has been high, but we have never been unwilling to pay that price.

It is no coincidence that our present troubles parallel and are proportionate to the intervention and intrusion in our lives that result from unnecessary and excessive growth of Government.

It is time for us to realize that we are too great a nation to limit ourselves to small dreams. We're not, as some would have us believe, doomed to an inevitable decline. I do not believe in a fate that will fall on us no matter what we do. I do believe in a fate that will fall on us if we do nothing.

So with all the creative energy at our command, let us begin an era of national renewal. Let us renew our determination, our courage, and our strength. And let us renew our faith and our hope. We have every right to dream heroic dreams.

Those who say that we’re in a time when there are no heroes -- they just don’t know where to look. You can see heroes every day going in and out of factory gates. Others, a handful in number, produce enough food to feed all of us and then the world beyond. You meet heroes across a counter -- and they’re on both sides of that counter. There are entrepreneurs with faith in themselves and faith in an idea who create new jobs, new wealth and opportunity.

There are individuals and families whose taxes support the Government and whose voluntary gifts support church, charity, culture, art, and education. Their patriotism is quiet but deep. Their values sustain our national life.

Now I have used the words “they” and “their” in speaking of these heroes. I could say “you” and “your” because I’m addressing the heroes of whom I speak -- you, the citizens of this blessed land. Your dreams, your hopes, your goals are going to be the dreams, the hopes, and the goals of this Administration, so help me God.

We shall reflect the compassion that is so much a part of your make-up. How can we love our country and not love our countrymen -- and loving them reach out a hand when they fall, heal them when they’re sick, and provide opportunity to make them self-sufficient so they will be equal in fact and not just in theory? Can we solve the problems confronting us? Well the answer is an unequivocal and emphatic "Yes." To paraphrase Winston Churchill, I did not take the oath I’ve just taken with the intention of presiding over the dissolution of the world’s strongest economy.

In the days ahead, I will propose removing the roadblocks that have slowed our economy and reduced productivity. Steps will be taken aimed at restoring the balance between the various levels of

government. Progress may be slow -- measured in inches and feet, not miles -- but we will progress. It

is time to reawaken this industrial giant, to get government back within its means, and to lighten our punitive tax burden. And these will be our first priorities, and on these principles there will be no compromise.

On the eve or our struggle for independence a man who might’ve been one of the greatest among the Founding Fathers, Dr. Joseph Warren, president of the Massachusetts Congress, said to his fellow Americans,

"Our country is in danger, but not to be despaired of. On you depend the fortunes of America. You are to decide the important question upon which rest the happiness and the liberty of millions yet unborn. Act worthy of yourselves."

Well I believe we, the Americans of today, are ready to act worthy of ourselves, ready to do what must be done to insure happiness and liberty for ourselves, our children, and our children’s children. And as we renew ourselves here in our own land, we will be seen as having greater strength throughout the world. We will again be the exemplar of freedom and a beacon of hope for those who do not now have freedom.

To those neighbors and allies who share our freedom, we will strengthen our historic ties and

assure them of our support and firm commitment. We will match loyalty with loyalty. We will strive for mutually beneficial relations. We will not use our friendship to impose on their sovereignty, for our own sovereignty is not for sale.

As for the enemies of freedom, those who are potential adversaries, they will be reminded that peace is the highest aspiration of the American people. We will negotiate for it, sacrifice for it; we will not surrender for it -- now or ever. Our forbearance should never be misunderstood. Our reluctance for conflict should not be misjudged as a failure of will. When action is required to preserve our national security, we will act. We will maintain sufficient strength to prevail if need be, knowing that if we do so, we have the best chance of never having to use that strength.

Above all we must realize that no arsenal or no weapon in the arsenals of the world is so

formidable as the will and moral courage of free men and women. It is a weapon our adversaries in today's world do not have. It is a weapon that we as Americans do have. Let that be understood by those who practice terrorism and prey upon their neighbors.

I am -- I'm told that tens of thousands of prayer meetings are being held on this day; and for that I am deeply grateful. We are a nation under God, and I believe God intended for us to be free. It would be fitting and good, I think, if on each inaugural day in future years it should be declared a day of prayer.

This is the first time in our history that this ceremony has been held, as you’ve been told, on this West Front of the Capitol.

Standing here, one faces a magnificent vista, opening up on this city’s special beauty and history. At the end of this open mall are those shrines to the giants on whose shoulders we stand. Directly in

front of me, the monument to a monumental man. George Washington, father of our country. A man of humility who came to greatness reluctantly. He led America out of revolutionary victory into infant nationhood. Off to one side, the stately memorial to Thomas Jefferson. The Declaration of

Independence flames with his eloquence. And then beyond the Reflecting Pool, the dignified columns of the Lincoln Memorial. Whoever would understand in his heart the meaning of America will find it in the life of Abraham Lincoln.

Beyond those moments -- those monuments to heroism is the Potomac River, and on the far shore the sloping hills of Arlington National Cemetery, with its row upon row of simple white markers bearing crosses or Stars of David. They add up to only a tiny fraction of the price that has been paid for our freedom.

Each one of those markers is a monument to the kind of hero I spoke of earlier. Their lives ended in places called Belleau Wood, the Argonne, Omaha Beach, Salerno, and halfway around the world on Guadalcanal, Tarawa, Pork Chop Hill, the Chosin Reservoir, and in a hundred rice paddies and jungles of a place called Vietnam.

Under one such a marker lies a young man, Martin Treptow, who left his job in a small town barber shop in 1917 to go to France with the famed Rainbow Division. There, on the Western front, he was killed trying to carry a message between battalions under heavy fire. We're told that on his body was found a diary. On the flyleaf under the heading, “My Pledge,” he had written these words:

"America must win this war. Therefore, I will work; I will save; I will sacrifice; I will endure; I will fight cheerfully and do my utmost, as if the issue of the whole struggle depended on me alone."

The crisis we are facing today does not require of us the kind of sacrifice that Martin Treptow and so many thousands of others were called upon to make. It does require, however, our best effort, and our willingness to believe in ourselves and to believe in our capacity to perform great deeds; to believe that together with God’s help we can and will resolve the problems which now confront us.And after all, why shouldn’t we believe that? We are Americans.

God bless you and thank you. Thank you very much.

篇二：里根演讲稿

演讲全文：ronald reagan: the space shuttle challenger tragedy address ladies and gentlemen, id planned to speak to you tonight to report on the state

of the union, but the events of earlier today have led me to change those plans. today

is a day for mourning and remembering. nancy and i are pained to the core by the tragedy

of the shuttle

challenger. we know we share this pain with all of the people of our country.

this is truly a national loss. nineteen years ago, almost to the day, we lost three astronauts in a terrible accident on the ground. but weve never lost an astronaut in flight. weve

never had a tragedy like this. and perhaps weve forgotten the courage it took for the crew of the shuttle. but they, the challenger seven, were

aware of the dangers, but overcame them and did their jobs brilliantly. we mourn seven heroes: michael smith, dick scobee, judith resnik,

ronald mcnair, ellison onizuka, gregory jarvis, and christa mcauliffe. we mourn their

loss as a nation together.for the families of the seven, we cannot bear, as you do, the full impact of this

tragedy. but we feel the loss, and were thinking about you so very much. your loved

ones were daring and brave, and they had that specialgrace, that special spirit that says, give me a challenge, and ill meet it with

joy. they had a hunger to explore the universe and discover its truths. they wished

to serve, and they did. they served all of us. weve grown used to wonders in this century. its hard to dazzle us. but for

twenty-five years the united states space program has been doing just that. weve grown

used to the idea of space, and, perhaps we forget that weve only just begun. were

still pioneers. they, the members of the challenger crew, were pioneers. and i want to say something to the schoolchildren of america who were watching

the live coverage of the shuttles take-off. i know its hard to understand, but

sometimes painful things like this happen. its all part of the process of exploration

and discovery. its all part of taking a chance and expanding mans horizons. the future

doesnt belong to the

fainthearted; it belongs to the brave. the challenger crew was pulling us into

the future, and well continue to follow them. ive always had great faith in and respect for our space program. and what happened

today does nothing to diminish it. we dont hide our space program. we dont keep secrets

and cover things up. we do it all up front and in public. thats the way freedom is,

and we wouldnt change it for a minute.well continue our quest in space. there will be more shuttle flights and more

shuttle crews and, yes, more volunteers, more civilians, more teachers in space.

nothing ends here; our hopes and our journeys continue. i want to add that i wish i could talk to every man and woman who works for nasa,

or who worked on this mission and tell them: your dedication and professionalism have

moved and impressed us for decades.and we know of your anguish. we share it. the crew of the space shuttle challenger honored us by the manner in which they

lived their lives. we will never forget them, nor the last time we saw them, this

morning, as they prepared for their journey and waved goodbye and slipped the surly

bonds of earth to touch the face of god. thank you.篇二：1981年里根就职演讲稿-中英文对照 first inaugural address of ronald reagan里根第一任总统就职演说 tuesday, january 20, 1981 第40任总统(1981年-1989年)

（一）senator hatfield, mr. chief justice, mr. president, vice president bush,

vice

president mondale, senator baker, speaker oneill, reverend moomaw, and my fellowcitizens: to a few of us here today, this is a solemn and most momentous occasion;

and yet,

authority as called for in the constitution routinely takes place as it has for

almost two

centuries and few of us stop to think how unique we really are. in the eyes of

many in the

world, this every-4-year ceremony we accept as normal is nothing less than a

miracle.

议员海特菲尔德先生、法官先生、总统先生、副总统布什、蒙代尔先生、议员贝克先 生、发言人奥尼尔先生、尊敬的摩麦先生，以及广大支持我的美国同胞们：今天对于我

们

中间的一些人来说，是一个非常庄严隆重的时刻。当然，对于这个国家的历史来说，却

是

一件普通的事情。按照宪法要求，政府权利正在有序地移交，我们已经如此“例行公事”

了

两个世纪，很少有人觉得这有什么特别的。但在世界上更多人看来，这个我们已经习以

为

常的四年一次的仪式，却实在是一个奇迹。

（二）mr. president, i want our fellow citizens to know how much you did to carry

on

this tradition. by your gracious cooperation in the transition process, you have

shown a

watching world that we are a united people pledged to maintaining a political

system which

guarantees individual liberty to a greater degree than any other, and i thank

you and your

people for all your help in maintaining the continuity which is the bulwark of

our republic.

总统先生，我希望我们的同胞们都能知道你为了这个传承而付出的努力。通过移交 程序中的通力合作，你向观察者展示了这么一个事实：我们是发誓要团结起来维护这样

一

个政治体制的团体，这样的体制保证了我们能够得到比其他政体更为广泛的个人自由。

同

时我也要感谢你和你的伙伴们的帮助，因为你们坚持了这样的传承，而这恰恰是我们共

和

国的根基。the business of our nation goes forward. these united states are confronted with

an

economic affliction of great proportions. we suffer from the longest and one of

the worst

sustained inflations in our national history. it distorts our economic decisions,

penalizes

shatter the lives of millions of our people. 我们国家的事业在继续前进。合众国正面临巨大的经济困难。我们遭遇到我国历史上 历时最长、最严重之一的通货膨胀，它扰乱着我们的经济决策，打击着节俭的风气，压

迫

着正在挣扎谋生的青年人和收入固定的中年人，威胁着要摧毁我国千百万人民的生计。

（三）idle industries have cast workers into unemployment, causing human misery

and

personal indignity. those who do work are denied a fair return for their labor

by a tax

system which penalizes successful achievement and keeps us from maintaining fullproductivity.but great as our tax burden is, it has not kept pace with public

spending. for

decades, we have piled deficit upon deficit, mortgaging our future and our

childrens future

for the temporary convenience of the present. to continue this long trend is to

guarantee

tremendous social, cultural, political, and economic upheavals. 停滞的工业使工人失业、蒙受痛苦并失去了个人尊严。即使那些有工作的人，也因税 收制度的缘故而得不到公正的劳动报酬，因为这种税收制度使我们无法在事业上取得成

就，

使我们无法保持充分的生产力。尽管我们的纳税负担相当沉重，但还是跟不上公共开支

的

增长。数十年来，我们的赤字额屡屡上升，我们为图目前暂时的方便，把自己的前途和

子

孙的前途抵押出去了。这一趋势如果长此以往，必然引起社会、文化、政治和经济等方

面

的大动荡。

（四）you and i, as individuals, can, by borrowing, live beyond our means, but

for only

a limited period of time. why, then, should we think that collectively, as a nation,

we are not

bound by that same limitation?we must act today in order to preserve tomorrow.

and let

there be no misunderstanding--we are going to begin to act, beginning today.away in days, weeks, or months, but they will go away. they will go away because

we, as americans, have the capacity now, as we have had in the past, to do whatever needs

to be

done to preserve this last and greatest bastion of freedom. in this present crisis, government is not the solution to our problem.government

is the

problem.

作为个人，你们和我可以靠借贷过一种人不敷出的生活，然而只能维持一段有限的时期，我们怎么可以认为，作为一个国家整体，我们就不应受到同样的约束呢？为了保住明天，我们今天就必须行动起来。大家都要明白无误地懂得--我们从今天起就要采取行动。我们深受其害的经济弊病，几十年来一直袭击着我们。这些弊病不会在几天、 几星期或几个月内消失，但它们终将消失。它们之所以终将消失，是因为我们作为现在的美国人，一如既往地有能力去完成需要完成的事情，以保存这个最后而又最伟大的自由堡垒。

在当前这场危机中，政府的管理不能解决我们面临的问题。政府的管理就是 问题所在。

government for, by, and of the people. but if no one among us is capable of

governing

himself, then who among us has the capacity to govern someone else? all of us

together, in

and out of government, must bear the burden. the solutions we seek must be

equitable, with

no one group singled out to pay a higher price. 我们时常误以为，社会已经越来越复杂，已经不可能凭借自治方式加以管理， 而一个由杰出人物组成的政府要比民享、民治、民有的政府高明。可是，假如我们之中谁也管理不了自己，那么，我们之中谁还能去管理他人呢。我们大家--不论政府官员还是平民百姓--必须共同肩负起这个责任，我们谋 求的解决办法必须是公平的，不要使任何一个群体付出较高的代价。

（六）we hear much of special interest groups. our concern must be for a specialinterest group that has been too long neglected. it knows no sectional boundaries

or ethnic and racial divisions, and it crosses political party lines. it is made up of men

and women who

raise our food, patrol our streets, man our mines and our factories, teach our

children, keep

our homes, and heal us when we are sick--professionals, industrialists,

shopkeepers, clerks,

cabbies, and truckdrivers. they are, in short, we the people, this breed called

americans.

我们听到许多关于特殊利益集团的谈论，然而。我们必须关心一个被忽视了 大久的特殊利益集团。这个集团没有区域之分，没有人种之分，没有民族之分，没有政党之分，这个集团由许许多多的男人与女人组成，他们生产粮食，巡逻街头，管理厂矿，教育儿童，照料家务和治疗疾病。他们是专业人员、实业家、店主、职 员、出租汽车司机和货车驾驶员，总而言之，他们就是我们人民--这个 称之为美国人的民族。

（七）well, this administrations objective will be a healthy, vigorous, growing

economy

that provides equal opportunity for all americans, with no barriers born of

bigotry or

discrimination. putting america back to work means putting all americans back

to work.

ending inflation means freeing all americans from the terror of runaway living

costs. all

must share in the productive work of this new beginning and all must share in

the bounty

of a revived economy. with the idealism and fair play which are the core of our

system and

our strength, we can have a strong and prosperous america at peace with itself

and the

world.

本届政府的日标是必须建立一种健全的、生气勃勃的和不断发展的经济，为 全体美国人民提供一种不因偏执或歧视而造成障碍的均等机会，让美国重新工作起来，意味着让全体美国人重新工作起来。制止通货膨胀，意味着让全体美国人从失控的生活费用所造成的恐惧中解脱出来。人人都应分担新开端的富有成效 的工 作，人人都应分享经济复苏的硕果。我国制度和力量的核心是理想主义和 公正态度，有了这些，我们就能建立起强大、繁荣、国内稳定并同全世界和平相处的美国。

（八）so, as we begin, let us take inventory. we are a nation that has a

government--not the

other way around. and this makes us special among the nations of the earth. ourgovernment has no power except that granted it by the people. it is time to check

and

reverse the growth of government which shows signs of having grown beyond the

consent of

the governed.

it is my intention to curb the size and influence of the federal establishment

and to

demand recognition of the distinction between the powers granted to the federalgovernment and those reserved to the states or to the people. all of us need to

be reminded

that the federal government did not create the states; the states created the

federal

government.

now, so there will be no misunderstanding, it is not my intention to do away withgovernment. it is, rather, to make it work-work with us, not over us; to stand

by our side,

not ride on our back. government can and must provide opportunity, not smother

it; foster

productivity, not stifle it.

篇三：总统演讲分析--里根第二次就职演讲分析

美国总统里根第二次就职演讲分析

Shawn Cheng

摘 要：本文为美国总统里根的第二次就职演说，因为其属于总统演讲，所以有其特定的语篇模式，这是由西方的修辞思维与表达模式决定的。完美的英语演讲不仅要求演讲者英语流、而且要求演讲语篇布局合理，突出西方的修辞思维与表达模式的特点。为了有效地用英语进行演讲，我们必须保证开头段落的新颖与独特吸引力，结尾段落做到呼应和强调，主体要点形成合理的布局，段落语句之间衔接自然流畅。本文试图从语篇模式以及一些系统功能的角度对美国总统里根第二次就职演说进行分析，以揭示演讲文体的意义以及其语篇、语言的体现。

关键词：总统演讲；合理布局；语篇模式；

引言

随着英语国际地位的提高与其影响力的与日俱增，英语演讲也逐渐进入到社会生活的方方面面。其作为一种独特的语体，在世界各地经久不衰，表现了顽强的生命力。演讲作为一门艺术，一种交际,一种传播和教育手段在当今社会仍发挥着巨大的作用。但国人用英语演讲时往往受中国固定思维模式的影响，虽然英语讲得漂亮很流利，语句也很通顺，但所表达的意思往往不被西方

人认同和接受。其中一个原因就是国人在用英语表达和演讲时没有遵循英语演讲语篇的模式，而是毫无逻辑地用中式思维模式表达自己的观点。

一、英语演讲语篇的基本模式及其概念

英语演讲的语篇构成有三大部分 ：Introduction，Body，Conclusion。Introduction 的功能为吸引听众 、引起关注 、建立演讲者的信誉、简述演讲主体中的要点 。Body，即演讲的主体部分。演讲者可以根据演讲的主题按不同的模式组织布局。如可以根据时间、空间顺序可以遵循因果顺序、问题和方式顺序；亦可以将演讲主题细分为几个分点进行阐述。演讲 的主体部分将在第二部分详述。同时，演讲的结尾部分也应当是演讲的高潮部分，演讲者需要总结演讲的主旨和意图，并以一种使听众产生共鸣的方式来升华主题，并与 introduction相呼应 ，给听众一种心理上的统一感。本文所研究的就职演说的结尾，美国总统里根就具体化了美国之声，展现给听众的形象就是它充满希望，宽宏大量，富于理想；它勇敢无畏，正派庄重，公平持正。而且这一切都是上帝的恩赐、梦想与召唤，呼吁所有热爱和平自由的美国公民把这一梦想传给一个期待已久并且满怀希望的世界等，将演讲推向高潮。

二、语篇的内容与意图

在Lucas的演讲与艺术中(2004 :113)，英语演讲根据演讲的目的可分为三类：介绍性的演讲 (informative)、劝说性或劝诱性的演讲 (persuasive)、仪式性的演讲 (ceremonial)。介绍性的演讲一般是客观地对某一事件、过程、概念或物体进行介绍。仪式性的演讲则见于各种社交、外事场合，或介绍嘉宾、或颁奖致谢等。劝说性的演讲较广泛地应用于各种场合。劝说的目的要求演讲者遵循一定的思维模式。劝说性的演讲根据劝说的内容又可分为三类：事实性问题，价值性问题，政策性问题的劝说。从时间上考虑，就事实性问题的劝说演讲是对已发生的现象予以事实的认定或否定；价值性问题的劝说则是对现状的评论；而政策性劝说演讲则是对未来政策、方针、措施、计划等的取舍讨论。

在里根的就职演说中，三种演讲类型有机且紧密地结合在了一起。首先是介绍性的语言，里根总统客观地陈述了很多事件：第一任总统乔治·华盛顿把手放在《圣经》上庄严地宣誓；美国与俄罗斯的关于核威胁的协议；近几年税收过多和通货膨胀，以及失业现象的增多等等。然后是仪式性的语言，这个最为明显，因为总统就职演讲本身就属于一种政治上的仪式。最后一种形式即本文中的劝说性的语言，因为其分为事实性问题，价值性问题，政策性问题，故将他们逐一分析。事实性问题：里根决定向国会递交一份冻结明年政府项目开支的预算方案。并采取进一步的措施，以便永久控制政府在税收和开支方面的权力，达到减少国债

和增强社会救济事务效果的目的；价值性问题：里根在其就职演讲中曾多次提及苏联问题，核武器问题。这是一种现状，同时也是对未来的一种预测与估计，里根对此的回应是政府正在积极采取措施应对，研发安全防卫措施，并寄予希望在两国的和平建交与谈判上；政策性问题：里根总统在本次演说中，提出了很多相关政策，方针，措施，计划等，除了之前提到的与苏联的和平协议，控制政府的税收和开支权利，还有国家民主权力的维护，部分地区经济障碍的解决，减少国债和解放生产力提倡创业等等。里根总统所举的都是当时美国民众所关心的问题，每一个问题他都一一提出了自己的计划和目标，使听众们信服。

三、语篇的连结

在演讲中除了有恰当的谋篇布局之外，各段落和语句之间也必须有自然的衔接。英语的语篇注重形合手段的使用，在演讲中尤其要选择使用恰当的、有效的衔接手段。Lucas在其所著的 “The Art of public Speaking”一书中，归纳总结了常用的关连词语，主要有四类。(1)Transition承上启下的词语

例如 ：But in another sense, our new beginning is a continuation of that beginning created two centuries ago when, for the first time in history, government, the people said, was not our master, it is our servant; its only power that which we the people allow it to have.本句中第一个短语即起到了承上启下的作用。

I will shortly submit a budget to the Congress aimed at freezing

government program spending for the next year. Beyond that, we must take further steps to permanently control Government's power to tax and spend. We must act now to protect future generations from Government's desire to spend its citizens' money and tax them into servitude when the bills come due. 这段中的”Beyond that”起到了补充说明的作用。

(2)Internal preview段内预示要点。

演讲者在Introduction里或其他段落中的结尾部分以句子的形式向听众陈述下文将要讨论的要点。

At the heart of our efforts is one idea vindicated by 25 straight months of economic growth: Freedom and incentives unleash the drive and entrepreneurial genius that is the core of human progress. We have begun to increase the rewards for work, savings, and investment; reduce the increase in the cost and size of government and its interference in people's lives.该段的最后一局所总结的，正是下文将要讨论的政府税收和人民处于通货膨胀下的生活等问题。

(3)Internal Summary段内总结

段内总结常用于复杂的重点论述之后 。例如，We have made progress in restoring our defense capability. But much remains to be done. There must be no wavering by us, nor any doubts by others, that America will meet her responsibilities to remain free, secure,