企业偿债能力参考文献

篇一：企业偿债能力分析外文文献

外文文献原稿和译文

原 稿

Introduction

Although creditors can develop a variety of protective provisions to protect their own interests, but a number of complementary measures are critical to effectively safeguard their interests have to see the company's solvency. Therefore, to improve a company's solvency Liabilities are on the rise. On the other hand, the stronger a company's solvency the easier cash investments required for the project, whose total assets are often relatively low debt ratio, which is the point of the pecking order theory of phase agreement. Similarly, a company's short-term liquidity, the stronger the short-term debt ratio is also lower, long-term solvency, the stronger the long-term debt ratio is also lower .Harris et al. Well, Eriotis etc. as well as empirical research and Underperformance found that the(转 载于:wWW.cSsYq.cOM 书业网:企业偿债能力参考文献) solvency (in the quick ratio and interest coverage ratio, respectively, short-term solvency and long-term solvency) to total debt ratio has significant negative correlation. Taking into account the data collected convenience, this paper represents short-term solvency ratios and to study the long-term solvency by the quick ratio and cash flow impact on the real estate debt capital structure of listed companies.

Listed Companies Solvency Analysis

When companies need money, the choice of financing preference order, namely in accordance with retained earnings, issuance of bonds, financing order issued shares. According to this theory, strong corporate profitability, retained earnings more For financing first will consider retained earnings. Therefore, the profitability of the total debt ratio should be negatively correlated debt avoidance theory based natural surface that under otherwise identical conditions, a highly profitable company should borrow more debt, because they use avoidance of the need for greater debt, and therefore higher debt ratio. rapid growth of the company's financial leverage without the support, based on this, to

select 378 samples from the 500 largest US companies, the researchers found that regardless of whether there is an optimal capital structure, the company's liabilities are directly correlated with growth.

Growth is the fundamental guarantee company solvency, so whether short-term loans or long-term loans and creditors, as the company's growth as a positive signal, so the listed companies in recent years of growth, the higher its rate and short-term assets The higher rate of long-term assets and liabilities, total assets and liabilities naturally higher, but the impact on growth of real estate companies listed on a smaller debt ratio (coefficient is small). The risk of firm size and capital structure affect the growth has a similar conclusion, it appears that creditors, especially banks that the company scale is a measure of credit risk is an important consideration index, the greater the company size, the more stable cash flow, bankruptcy it is smaller, the creditors are more willing to throw an olive branch large-scale enterprises. The actual controller of the listed companies category to total debt ratio of the impact factor of a 0.040017, indicating that non-state-controlled listed company's total assets and liabilities higher than the state-owned holding companies. The reason for this phenomenon may be non-state-controlled listed companies pay more attention to control benefits, do not want to dilute their control over equity financing, and therefore more inclined to debt financing, which may also explain the non-state-controlled listed companies better use of financial leverage enterprises bigger and stronger impulses. In addition, the actual control of listed companies category short-term impact on asset-liability ratio is a 2.3 times its impact on long-term debt ratio, which shows the non-state-controlled listed companies prefer to take advantage of short-term debt to expand its operations.

Current research on factors affecting capital structure point of view there are many factors in various industries concerned is not the same, according to industry characteristics and particularity, we mainly focus on the following aspects to analyze the factors industry capital structure. The article explained variable - capital structure for the asset-liability ratio, generally refers to the total debt ratio, but for more in-depth study of capital structure of listed companies, the paper from the total debt ratio, short-term assets and liabilities and long-term debt ratio of three angles of Capital structure explanatory.

At present, domestic and foreign scholars analyzed factors on capital structure mostly

used multiple linear regression, as usual statistical regression function in the form of their choice is often subjective factors, but ordinary regression methods to make function with average resistance, most such functions excellent and objectivity are often difficult to reflect. base stochastic frontier model (Stochastic Frontier) in data envelopment analysis (DEA) method, estimate the effective production frontier using mathematical programming method, namely the experience of frontier production function, overcome DEA method assumes that there is no random error term, the better to reflect the objectivity and optimality ¨J function, currently in the field of economic management, sociology and medicine, began to get more and more applications. Therefore, in this paper, stochastic frontier model data on the capital structure factors listed real estate companies conducted a comprehensive analysis, in order to provide a better scientific basis for the study of the optimal capital structure of real estate enterprises.

Listed company's solvency and overall asset-liability ratio was significantly negatively correlated with short-term liquidity has a decisive influence on the short-term asset-liability ratio. Similarly, long-term solvency also has a decisive influence on long-term assets and liabilities. Industry higher total debt ratio particularly high proportion of short-term debt is one of the main business risks, thus increasing solvency of listed companies, especially short-term liquidity (that is, to obtain a stable short-term cash flow). reduce its asset liability ratio and effective risk management choice ROA of listed companies is much greater influence than ROE of asset-liability ratio, and affect the relationship is inconsistent, ROE is higher, the higher the total debt ratio, while the ROA high, the lower the rate of the total assets and liabilities, and short-term liabilities ROA more obvious, this difference is mainly due to the special structure of listed companies due to the nature of the capital, and therefore need to improve the capital structure of listed companies, namely to reduce the total assets and liabilities rate debt structure and the need to reduce the proportion of short-term debt in particular, in order to enhance the company's profitability ROA. growth and company size has a significant positive impact on the capital structure, which is mainly due to the growth of the company's solvency is fundamental, The size of the company is the main indicator to measure the bankruptcy creditor risk. Therefore, listed companies should be radically to grow through continuous growth and development of enterprises, so that the

total debt ratio has a high margin of safety, through growth to continue to resolve the financial risk than non-state-owned holding companies controlling more use of financial leverage motivation and apparently relied on short-term liabilities, which may lead to more serious financial risk especially short-term business risks, so that the non-state-owned holding listed companies should establish more strict risk prevention system.

译 文

介绍

虽然债权人可以通过制定各种保护性条款来保障自己的利益，但都是一些辅助性的措施，能够有效保障他们利益的关键还得看公司的偿债能力。所以，提高一个公司的偿债能力，负债有上升的趋势。另一方面，一个公司的偿债能力越强也就越容易产生项目投资所需的现金，其总资产负债率也往往比较低，这与优序融资理论的观点相吻合。同理，一个公司的短期偿债能力越强则短期资产负债率也就越低，长期偿债能力越强则长期资产负债率也就越低。Harris Eriotis等表示短期偿债能力和长期偿债能力与总资产负债率具有显著的负相关关系。考虑到数据搜集的便利，本文用速动比率和现金流量债务比分别表示短期偿债能力和长期偿债能力来研究对上市公司资本结构的影响。

上市公司偿债能力分析

企业在需要资金时，对筹资方式的选择有偏好顺序，即按照内部留存收益，发行债券，发行股票的顺序筹资。根据该理论，盈利能力强的企业，内部留存收益较多，若需筹资首先会考虑内部留存收益。所以，盈利能力应与总资产负债率负相关。然面对于债务避税的理论认为，在其它条件相同的情况下，盈利性高的公司应当借更多债，因为它们利用债务避税的需要更大，因此资产负债率更高。公司的快速成长离不开财务杠杆的支持，基于此，从美国最大的500家公司中选取378个样本，研究发现不管是否存在最优的资本结构，公司的负债都与成长性直接正相关。

目前，大家对资本结构影响因素的分析大多采用多元线性回归，由于通常的统计回归方法其函数形式的选择往往带有主观因素，同时普通回归方法使函数带有平均性，这样函数的最优性和客观性往往难以体现。随机前沿面模型(Stochastic Frontier)在数据包络分析(DEA)方法的基础上，利用数学规划方法估计出有效生产前沿面，即经验的前沿生产函数，克服了DEA方法不存在随机误差项的假定，比较好地反映了函数的客观性与最优性。目前在经济管理学，社会学以及医学等领域开始得到了越来越多的应用。因此,本文应用随机前沿面模型对上市公司资本结构影响因素的数据进行了比较全面的分析，以期为研究企业的最优资本结构提供较好的科学依据。

篇二：关于偿债能力分析的开题报告

淮 阴 工 学 院

毕业论文开题报告

学 生 姓 名：

专 业：

论 文 题 目：

指 导 教 师：

2012 年 2 月 8 日

胡凯 学 号： 1081813111 经济管理学院（财务管理） 企业偿债能力分析 严泰

开题报告填写要求

1．开题报告（含“文献综述”）作为毕业设计（论文）答辩委员会对学生答辩资格审查的依据材料之一。此报告应在指导教师指导下，由学生在毕业设计（论文）工作前期内完成，经指导教师签署意见及所在专业审查后生效。

2．开题报告内容必须用黑墨水笔工整书写或按教务处统一设计的电子文档标准格式（可从教务处网页上下载）打印，禁止打印在其它纸上后剪贴，完成后应及时交给指导教师签署意见。

3．“文献综述”应按论文的格式成文，并直接书写（或打印）在本开题报告第一栏目内，学生写文献综述的参考文献应不少于10篇（不包括辞典、手册）。

4．有关年月日等日期的填写，应当按照国标GB/T 7408—94《数据元和交换格式、信息交换、日期和时间表示法》规定的要求，一律用阿拉伯数字书写。如“2006年3月15日”或“2006-03-15”。

1.结合毕业论文课题情况，根据所查阅的文献资料，每人撰写2000字左右的文献综述

1 研究背景

财务报表分析就是从报表中获取符合报表使用人分析目的的信息，认识企业活动的特点，评价其业绩，发现其问题。财务报表能够全面反映企业的财务状况、经营成果和现金流量情况，但是单纯从财务报表上的数据还不能直接或全面说明企业的财务状况，特别是不能说明企业经营状况的好坏和经营成果的高低，只有将企业的财务指标与有关的数据进行比较才能说明企业财务状况所处的地位，因此要进行财务报表分析。从企业总体来看，财务报表分析的基本内容，主要包括分析企业的偿债能力、营运能力等。本文主要对偿债能力进行分析研究。

偿债能力是指企业偿还到期债务的能力。能否及时偿还到期债务，是反映企业财务状况好坏的重要标志。通过对偿债能力的分析，可以考察企业持续经营的能力和风险，有助于对企业未来收益进行预测。目前分析企业偿债能力最常用的方法是:以资产负债表、现金流量表为根据,计算一系列比率指标并与有关评价标准进行比较。这些指标包括：流动比率、速动比率、现金比率、资产负债比率、产权比率等等。

2 国内外研究现状

随着金融危机席卷全球，偿债能力风险作为财务风险分析的重要组成部分成为理论与实务研究的侧重点。有关企业偿债能力分析的问题研究，国内外很多学者发表的观点值得我们借鉴。

2.1 国外研究现状

国外对于企业偿债能力的研究涉及到企业的筹资、投资、分配等资金使用的各个方面。美国Modigliani和Miller（1958、1963）发表两篇文章，首次研究资本结构与企业价值的关系。于此国外学者就资本结构的影响因素之一企业的偿债能力进行大量的理论阐述和实证研究。

Harris和Raviv（1990）以及Eriotis等人（2007）探讨研究认为偿债能力

中长期偿债能力与资产负债率显著负相关。而Fosberg(2004)等人研究发现公司规模越大，负债率越高。而对每个企业来说现金流无疑是正常运营的重要资产，企业陷入财务困境并可能导致破产的直接原因就是公司现有现金流不能偿付到期债务。基于此，Duhovnik Metka（1998）提出上市公司应该将一份较为合理的现金流量表提供给财务报表使用者。以此种财务报告为基础，上市公司的盈利能力和现金回报两方面都能得到正确、合理的判断，同时相关现金流比率也将作为编制资产负债表和利润表时的一种控制机制体现其价值。

对于如何识别财务困境问题，CoyneJoseph S&Singh Sher G.（2002）在分析了健康公司和破产公司的财务体系基础上，提出了一系列预测财务失败的相关因素并识别出明确显示出健康公司和破产公司区别的财务指标。为了改进财务预警模型的准确度，Chen Wei-Sen&Du Yin-Kuan（2003）应用台湾股票交易公司对被停牌公司的营运规则作为分析对象，应用财务比率、非财务比率及因素分析来提取可用变量，并且引入人造神经网络（ANN）和数据挖掘（DM）技术为上市公司构造财务预警模型。Chen WS&Du YK提出，人造智能方法在预测公司潜在财务困境时比传统的统计数据更加有效。

在分析财务风险时不能一味的仅以偿债比率等财务指标为依据。识别财务风险时应注意宏观经济形式、公司战略决策等同样会影响到上市公司的财务比率。例如公司流动比率或者偿债比率增大时，并不能仅依此判定公司经营状况改善，相反，降低时也不一定公司正面临破产威胁。Baum Christopher F，CaglayanMustafa，Stephan Andreas&TalaveraOleksandr（2005）采用美国COMPUSTAT季度数据库中的非财务公司在1993-2003年之间的数据，开发出了流动资产的预警平衡模型。

2.2 国内研究现状

中国财政部在1995年公布的企业经济效益评价指标体系侧重于关心企业财务状况，即企业资产负债水平和偿债能力。并随着党的十五届四中全会通过的《中共中央关于国有企业改革和发展若干重大问题的决议》精神的贯彻落实，市场体系日渐健全，被全面推向市场的企业日渐增多，企业行为要求规范、科学，评价、分析企业生存和发展基础的偿债能力及整体水平显得尤为重要。在实践中，我们发现常见企业的偿债能力分析存在局限性。李梅英（2000）从安全性的角度

剖析发现了现有的偿债能力分析没有建立在持续经营基础上，偿债资金来源单一等问题。张玉梅(2004)探讨计算流动比率数据常被扭曲和已获利息倍数指标较大的局限性等问题。蒋理标（2005）认为企业偿债能力分析指标本身具有局限性还有企业偿债能力分析数据来源的局限性。徐项昆（2008）认为偿债能力预警模型没有固定的模式，并且其各项指标计算事项具有很强的流动性，偿债能力指标体系存在缺陷。

对于企业偿债能力分析存在的各种局限性问题，学者们又纷纷提出完善企业偿债能力分析的设想。欧阳斌（2008）认为在进行偿债能力综合分析是还要注意区分短期偿债能力和长期偿债能力；要注意非现金资产变现价值的不确定性；不能只看负债的规模而忽视其构成；重视现金流量对企业偿债能力的影响；重视企业短期融资能力的重要影响债能力的重要依据和有益补充；注意防范企业债务陷阱；重视外部环境对企业偿债能力的影响。唐彦（2008）觉得偿债能力评价的各项指标都存在不足，因而在运用指标进行偿债能力分析时，切忌简单比较，应该谨慎分析，结合企业经营状况，考虑行业特点，恰当选着主要的评价指标，有必要对企业资产的构成和质量及负债的构成进一步分析，借以确定指标对偿债能力反应的程度，以排除变现能力差的资产使指标数值扩大的影响，真实评价企业的偿债能力，避免偿债能力分析简单化。王国娇（2009）认为完善短期偿债能力的分析除了一般所用的几个比率外还该从经营活动中产生现金的能力、企业的短期融资能力和流动资产的质量三个方面来分析。李兆梅和孔燕（2009）从量化资料和非量化资料的两个角度来阐述偿债能力的评价分析，得出企业无论是出于什么目的，企业偿债能力的分析必须注意常出现的难题，综合分析评价才能得出正确的结论。

对企业偿债分析的进一步探讨研究中，对其影响因素学者们有了进一步的发现。荆新、王化成（2002）在20世纪，国内企业对于现金流量表的使用并未得到普及，而近年来，现金流量表被大多数企业所接受，现金流对企业短期偿债能力的影响也开始为人们所重视，现金比率和现金流量比率被用于评价企业的短期偿债能力。朱纪红、俞利平（2003）企业要进行生产经营活动，必须会或多或少对周围环境造成环境危害，而随着人们自我保护意识增强，许多企业不得不为自身的环境破坏付出较高代价，对周围居民进行一定的经济补偿，因此，环境问

篇三：偿债能力分析毕业论文

摘 要

在全球经济一体化和现代信用经济的条件下，举债经营已成为现代企业重要的融资手段和策略。企业想要立于不败之地，就必须有足够的资金，而为了筹集资金，负债经营是每个企业都必不可免的一条路。举债经营的合理运用，能够给企业带来财务杠杆效益，有效地提高股东权益报酬率，但与此同时，债务也会给企业带来巨大的财务风险，甚或破产的风险。因此，在投资之前，对企业偿债能力进行合理的分析，是企业预测风险、保护企业利益的一种有效方法。

本文以太原重工股份有限公司2008年-2011年的财务信息为例，运用比率分析的方法，分析该公司偿债能力的强弱，分为短期偿债能力分析和长期偿债能力分析两大部分，其中结合流动比率、速动比率、现金流量比率、资产负债率、股东权益比率等指标，对该上市公司的债务状况能力进行分析及提出合理的建议。

关键词：太原重工；偿债能力分析；影响因素；资产负债表

Abstract

As the global economic integration and modern credit the development of the economy ,Debt management has become a modern enterprise significant financial means and strategy . Enterprise wants to be the winner, they must have enough fund. For raising fund, liabilities for operation is a inevitable way for each enterprise.Debt management of the reasonable application ,Can brings to the enterprise financial leverage benefits , Effectively improve the equity return rate of shareholders，at the same time ,Potential financial risks of debt will be brought to the enterprise，Or bankruptcy .Before the investment, to analysis enterprise debt paying ability ,is an effective way for enterprises to predict risk and protect the business interests.

In this article, for example the financial information of Taiyuan heavy industry Company between 2008 and 2011, Use ratio based method to analyze the ability to pay off debts of this company. It divide into two big parts, which include short-term debt paying ability analysis and short-term debt paying ability analysis. Among of these, combination with indexes, such as current ratio, quick ratio and some other ratios involve cash flow, debt-to-assets, stockholders' equity and so on. Then, analyze the debt situations and abilities of this listed company and give some reasonable advices.

Key words: Taiyuan Heavy Industrial ;debt-paying ability analysis ; influence factors; Balance sheet

目 录

摘 要 ........................................................................................................................................... I Abstract ...................................................................................................................................... II 目 录 III

绪 论 .......................................................................................................................................... 1

1偿债能力的概述 ..................................................................................................................... 2

1.1偿债能力的概念和内容 .............................................................................................. 2

1.2偿债能力分析的目的、必要性 .................................................................................. 2

1.3偿债能力的主要因素 .................................................................................................. 2

1.3.1影响短期偿债能力的主要因素 ........................................................................ 2

1.3.2影响长期偿债能力的主要因素 ........................................................................ 3

1.4太原重工股份有限公司简介 ...................................................................................... 4

2太原重工股份有限公司偿债能力分析 ................................................................................. 5

2.1短期偿债能力分析及影响因素 .................................................................................. 5

2.1.1短期偿债能力分析 ............................................................................................ 5

2.1.2短期偿债能力分析的影响因素及结果 ............................................................ 8

2.2长期偿债能力分析及影响因素 .................................................................................. 9

2.2.1长期偿债能力分析 ............................................................................................ 9

2.2.2长期偿债能力分析的影响因素及结果 .......................................................... 12

3加强太原重工股份有限公司偿债能力的建议 ................................................................... 14

3.1加强短期偿债能力的建议 ........................................................................................ 14

3.1.1加快应收账款和存货的周转 .......................................................................... 14

3.1.2提高现金流量水平 .......................................................................................... 15

3.1.3制定合理的偿债计划 ...................................................................................... 15

3.2加强长期偿债能力的建议 ........................................................................................ 15

3.2.1优化资本结构 .................................................................................................. 15

3.2.2提高盈利能力 .................................................................................................. 16

3.2.3加强管理层的素质及能力 .............................................................................. 16

结 论 ........................................................................................................................................ 17

致 谢 ........................................................................................................................................ 18

参考文献 .................................................................................................................................. 19

Appendix .................................................................................................................................. 20

附 录 ........................................................................................................................................ 22

附 表 ........................................................................................................................................ 25

绪 论

市场经济条件下, 负债经营是现代企业的基本经营策略, 而如何分析企业偿债能力是企业进行负债经营风险管理的关键环节。企业偿债能力的分析无论对企业还是企业相关的利益团体而言意义都是十分重要的。对于债权人而言:通过偿债能力的分析可以判断到期本息的收回情况，对于企业而言，通过偿债能力的分析，可以判断其资金的安全性和盈利性；对于供应商和客户而言，企业的偿债能力强弱反映其履约能力的强弱，如果企业偿债能力弱的话，经济业务可能无法完成，会直接影响其经济利益。因此通过对企业偿债能力的研究进行分析从而完善企业的偿债能力具有重要的意义。

本论文以太原重工股份有限公司偿债能力分析为例，依据偿债能力分析的目的和必要性，并结合影响偿债能力的主要因素和当前上市公司的总体情况，针对太原重工股份有限公司应收账款和存货周转速度慢、资本结构不合理等问题，提出优化太原重工股份有限公司偿债能力的几点建议，以达到该公司能结合自己的实际情况做出最优的偿债能力分析的目的。